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Forced migration governance in Tunisia: Balancing risks and assets for state-making during independence and democratization
What explains the variation in states’ governance of forced migration? Why are some groups of forced migrants welcomed and others not? We argue that this depends on whether accommodating a particular group of forced migrants is perceived as an asset or risk to broader political developments at play. Dr…
Research with refugees in fragile political contexts: How ethical reflections impact methodological choices
Research with refugees poses particular ethical challenges, especially if data is collected in places where most refugees today live: namely countries neighbouring conflict, ones that are sometimes at war with their country of origin and where refugees are exposed to different degrees of legal vulnerabilit…
’I will return strong’: The role of life aspirations in refugees’ return migration
This article studies how return migration aspirations are formed and realized in the context of protracted displacement. Drawing on a mixed-methods study that included survey research and in-depth interviews in Turkey, Lebanon, and Syria conducted, we study whether respondents aspired to return (i) currentl…
Mobility Control as State-Making in Civil War: Forcing Exit, Selective Return and Strategic Laissez-Faire
This paper addresses the question of how different actors attempt to control mobility during civil war, and how mobility control and processes of state-making interact in such settings. Mobility in civil wars is often considered a political act by the various actors involved: Leaving the country can be perceived as an a…
Daring to aspire: Theorising aspirations in contexts of displacement and highly constrained mobility
Binary distinctions between ‘refugees’ and ‘economic migrants’ continue to prevail in humanitarian discourse, with asylum policies heavily focusing on refugees’ vulnerabilities and reduced choices. By addressing the paradox between vulnerability and agency embedded in the international protection regim…
Disentangling Forced Migration Governance: Actors and Drivers along the Displacement Continuum
In this paper, we study the question of who and what drives forced migration governance in origin, host, and transit states, drawing on empirical material from the contemporary Syrian and Libyan, and the historical Algerian displacement situations. These three cases are examples for different forced migratio…
Violence, life aspirations and displacement trajectories in civil war contexts
Drawing on qualitative data from the civil wars in Syria and Libya since 2011, this paper seeks to build a better understanding of immobility and of displacement trajectories within conflict countries and towards neighbouring countries. The paper shows that different types of violent experiences—person…
(Trans)formations de l’État et gouvernance des migrations forcées en Tunisie
Comment les États gouvernent-ils les migrations forcées lors des moments critiques de leur (trans) formation ? En s’appuyant sur des entretiens et des documents d’archives de la Tunisie entre 1950 et 2020, cet article analyse la manière dont l’État tunisien a géré l’arrivée massive de migrants forcés en pr…
How Migration Really Works
Global migration is not at an all-time high. Climate change will not lead to mass migration. Immigration mainly benefits the wealthy, not workers. Border restrictions have paradoxically produced more migration. These statements might sound counter-intuitive or just outright wrong - but the facts behind the h…
Post-2008 multi-sited household practices: between Morocco, Spain and Norway
The recent outmigration patterns from Southern Europe since the outbreak of the global economic crisis have interested many migration researchers. Despite their long migration history towards Europe, little is known about the onward migration of the Moroccan-born, yet this group was one of the most af…
Welfare Considerations in Migration Decision-Making through a Life-Course Approach: A Qualitative Study of Spanish EU-Movers
The welfare aspects of intra-European migration remain an important and controversial topic of academic and political debates. These discussions touch upon the classical ‘welfare magnet’ or ‘welfare tourism’ hypothesis. Transcending the politicised concept of ‘benefit tourism’, our paper examines how welf…
The dynamic welfare habitus and its impact on Brazilian migration to Lisbon and Barcelona
Little is known on how people’s way of thinking and doing around welfare provision – what we call the welfare habitus – plays a role in migration and how such cultural references change over the migration process. Through an empirical case study on Brazilian migration to Southern Europe, this article explores the…
The migration-sustainability paradox: Transformations in mobile worlds
Migration represents a major transformation of the lives of those involved and has been transformative of societies and economies globally. Yet models of sustainability transformations do not effectively incorporate the movement of populations. There is an apparent migration-sustainability paradox: migration…
Five misconceptions about migrant smuggling
Migrant smugglers occupy a special place in the European ‘migration crisis’ discourse. They are depicted as the facilitators of irregular migrants’ journeys, and as criminals who take advantage of people’s vulnerability and naïveté. Stories of ruthless smugglers who abuse, abandon or even murder those who rel…
To Other and Vilify: Manufacturing Migration as Crime
This special issue of the European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research brings together empirical analyses into the criminalisation of practices related to migration and its implications on human rights. Drawing from the experiences of male and female migrants, civil society, ordinary citizens, brokers and smu…
Irregular migration in the time of counter-smuggling
This special issue of Trends in Organized Crime brings together recent empirical research on migrant smuggling. Challenging the overemphasis on ‘organized crime’ and criminal networks that has long characterized mainstream discussions on smuggling, the contributions refocus our attention towards critical but…
The EU’s new counter-smuggling directive proposal : persisting challenges and recommendations towards implementation
The present brief examines the Proposal for a directive to prevent and counter the facilitation of unauthorised entry, transit and stay (hereafter the Facilitation Proposal), presented by the European Commission on 28 November 2023, in the context of an international conference to announce the launch…
Trafficking as the moral filter of migration control
The fight against ‘human trafficking’ has, since the 1990s, become a cause célèbre of modern politics. It is a bipartisan issue that everybody can be safely for and that nobody wants to be against (Quirk and Bunting 2014). It has been championed by high profile political figures as diverse as Theresa May, George B…
The violent, hopeful world of children who smuggle people
Children on both sides of the US-Mexico border help smuggle people and drugs into the United States. When asked why, they usually say they need money yet lack opportunities to earn it. They know that smuggling is illegal, but on the border it is one of the few ways that young, marginalised people can effectiv…